When sowing a new grass reseed, several key factors must be considered. Soil health, soil type, and the intended purpose of the field - whether for grazing and cutting, grazing only, or cutting only - are crucial. Additionally, the duration for which the grass will remain down should be taken into account.

These factors will determine the most suitable grass mixture for your situation and help ensure a successful and productive reseed.

Two other critical considerations are the sowing method and post-establishment management.

Sowing Methods

There are various sowing methods, ranging from a complete plough reseed to direct drilling into a sprayed-off ley, each requiring a different approach.

A Complete Plough Reseed

A complete plough reseed is preferred by many, particularly in arable rotations or following a forage crop. Assessing soil health and fertility beforehand is essential, as this aids grass establishment and results in a more uniform and visually appealing reseed.

After ploughing, proper seedbed preparation is crucial. Whether using a power harrow, chain harrows, discs, crumbler land levellers, or paddle rollers, achieving a fine, crumbly soil structure will help distribute the seed evenly. A well-consolidated seedbed is ideal, as it retains moisture and ensures good seed-to-soil contact. This can be achieved by using a power harrow or leveller after ploughing, followed by heavy rolling or Cambridge rolling before sowing.

Once the grass seed is sown, a heavy roll is imperative to enhance seed-to-soil contact and further consolidate the ground. A balanced fertiliser can be applied either pre or post sowing if desired.

A common challenge following a complete plough reseed is the emergence of weeds and unwanted plant material. Perennial weeds such as spear thistle, docks, and nettles can be particularly frustrating and may require herbicide treatment for effective eradication. Annual weeds like chickweed, fat hen, and day nettle, however, can often be controlled through grazing or mowing, reducing the likelihood of regrowth.

One effective weed management technique is the creation of a "stale seedbed." In this method, the prepared field is left undisturbed to allow annual and perennial weeds to emerge before being sprayed off. This minimises soil disturbance and improves reseed establishment.

Direct Drilling

Direct drilling into a sprayed-off grass ley is an increasingly popular method, especially in fields with shallow, stony, or difficult-to-cultivate soil. Various direct drills are available, including gravity-driven, pneumatically driven, and broadcast-driven options. Seed planting methods range from slotting the seed into the existing ley to aggressively harrowing it in. Regardless of the method, the key principles remain the same - ensuring good soil health, fertility, moisture, and a weed and trash free seedbed.

A crucial consideration with direct drilling is to avoid applying artificial fertiliser until new seedlings appear. Fertiliser applied too early will benefit only the previously burnt off grass rather than the new seedlings.

Establishment and Grazing Management

The time required for grass establishment depends on several factors, including sowing quality, seedbed consolidation, soil health, fertiliser application, and moisture availability. Typically, the first light grazing can take place within 6–8 weeks. A simple technique to assess readiness for grazing is the "tear test": grasp a handful of grass and pull. If the roots remain anchored, the grass is ready for grazing.

A light, intermittent grazing helps encourage tillering, promoting a thick, dense sward that will enhance productivity in the long term.